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Nikola Tesla invented the induction motor with rotating magnetic field that made unit drives for machines feasible and made AC power transmission an economic necessity.
Nikola Tesla was born in 1856 in what is now Croatia to Serbian parents Milutin and Djuka Tesla.
In 1884, he went to New York and immediately took a job with Edison, who recognized Tesla’s abilities but did not want to support his work on arc lighting. In 1886 Tesla founded the Tesla Electric Company, which funded his arc light experiments. More importantly, Tesla returned to his AC experiments and within two years had applied for more than thirty patents on his system.
There were rumors in 1914 that the Nobel Prize in physics was about to be awarded jointly to Tesla and Edison, but the award went to someone else. It is possible that the two inventors’ well-known dislike of each other affected the decision. Despite this disappointment, Tesla remained active and continued to work on new ideas.
The unit of magnetic flux density is named for Tesla. When Tesla died in 1943, he was celebrated for his numerous contributions to modern technology.
He worked on a number of other inventions, including a transformer that changed low voltage to high voltage with a safe electrical current. This transformer was known as the Tesla coil. Westinghouse supplied all the lighting for the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893 using the Tesla system, including the engine, dynamo, and AC generator. Thereafter, AC became the preferred method of generating electricity.
At an address to the National Electric Light Association, he proposed the principles of wireless broadcasting.
In 1898, at an electrical exhibition in the recently completed Madison Square Garden, he made a demonstration of the world's first radio-controlled vessel. Everyone expected surprises from Tesla, but few were prepared for the sight of a small, odd-looking, iron-hulled boat scooting across an indoor pond (specially built for the display). The boat was equipped with, as Tesla described, "a borrowed mind."
Tesla's U.S. patent number 613,809 describes the first device anywhere for wireless remote control. The working model, or "teleautomaton," responded to radio signals and was powered with an internal battery.
Tesla encountered more failure due to lack of funding because he was an idealist.
Tesla's device was literally the birth of robotics, though he is seldom recognized for this accomplishment. The inventor was trained in electrical and mechanical engineering, and these skills merged beautifully in this remote-controlled boat. Unfortunately, the invention was so far ahead of its time that those who observed it could not imagine its practical applications.
AC motors proved both durable and adaptable. Within the space of two years Tesla had patented over twenty useful modifications of his new motors: to start up under heavy loads, to run at variable speed, or at constant speed, or with polyphase power supply, to mention a few. The great advantage of polyphase motors is, for a given number of poles, a smoother, more intense whirling field; such motors, in myriad forms, launched the electrical age of heavy industry. A somewhat more modest lineage of AC motors has powered most of the familiar appliances of twentieth-century life, from refrigerators to coffee grinders.
Tesla worked with alternating current — energy moving back and forth. He worked with low frequencies at Niagara Falls — 60 cycles per second. But he needed to have high voltage at high frequencies to do his experiments with wireless transmission — 60,000 cycles per second and higher.
He realized that James Clerk Maxwell predicted that waves could propagate with antennas. In order to do this, he needed to build equipment to make high-frequency currents.
So if you want to talk about the genius of the Tesla coil, I think it is couched in Tesla's dreams and visions of the work he was going to do.
Tesla was a man who understood what no other scientist of the time understood — he understood electrical resonance. He understood the idea that energy passed back and forth in an electrical system.
The Tesla coil as we know it in the 1890s is a very good example of a resonant system, using low kilohertz and a double tuned circuit so energy can be transferred between two systems — that essentially transmits a radio signal.
So in that way alone, Tesla created a system of tuned circuits that he would cause waves from an antenna system to radiate out into the atmosphere. Therefore, Tesla's system was the one that made radio possible.
The simple fact about Marconi's "S" is that he used the Tesla system to transmit signals and claimed that these were ideas he had developed himself.
At the Marconi site on Cape Cod, the placards state clearly that Marconi used the Tesla oscillator to send signals.
Marconi was a good businessman. He built the first practical equipment. And for that reason, his name is the one people remember when they think of radio.
---
Tesla was a genius because way before anybody knew or even understood the earth and what we call today the ionosphere, which is a layer of ionized particles about 80 kilometers above the earth, he conceived it, and he tried to use it to produce a variety of new concepts.
Tesla is extremely underrated. I mean, there are a lot of people that don't know Tesla today. And that includes physicists, I would say. Although the Tesla unit is extensively used, and the Tesla coil which is one of his most ingenious inventions, it's also extensively used.
His major defect was that he was dreaming but he was doing very few calculations on paper. Because on paper he could have realized that because the dimensions of the wave guide, are so enormous, you can transmit power, but not very much power. You can transfer power to hear the radio, or for television, or for a telephone. But once you want to start turning on lights in which you really need high currents, the power gets diluted because the space is very large. It's a standard defect of dreamers, geniuses, not like Einstein, the other type of geniuses, the inventors, who visualize things, but have difficulty putting numbers [on paper]. And actually, I think that was his downfall.
The second one is, you forget the ionosphere, and the current is carried only by the earth... Both modes of propagation have been very fine, we know that. The problem with both modes in terms of really sending a lot of energy, is they attenuate a lot. When you have current, if the earth and the ionosphere were superconductors, wonderful, we'd be able to do it. But they are poor conductors. So what happens is a lot of energy goes into heating the ground or heating the ionosphere. So when I'm going to send energy from Long Island to Paris, I'm going to loose a lot.
(Tesla's) idea of propagation is perfectly valid... Tesla's intuition was absolutely unbelievable. Because we had problems really persuading people about this concept in the 70s... And Tesla, without knowledge of satellites or solar UV radiation, all those things, he could really visualize the correct mode of propagation. Stunning.
There are three things I can think about Tesla when I'm talking about this particular project. The first ... we should think of Tesla every time we look at a microwave oven; again the radiation frequency of the microwave oven and the concept of the microwave oven was Tesla's.
The second thing is, it is a frequency transformer. Tesla, with the Tesla coil, changes one frequency to another frequency. What we are doing up there, we're taking at 5 megahertz a frequency which radiates in the ground and we transform it into 1 hertz, 5 hertz, 10 hertz, or whatever it is. So we have really a frequency transformer similar to what Tesla was thinking. Third, and most important, once we create the waves they propagate exactly the way Tesla conceived it through the earth ionosphere waveguide.
It's pure nonsense that any radio facility even a million times stronger than HAARP would be able to change the weather.
http://www.pbs.org/tesla/dis/papad.html
http://www.pbs.org/tesla/dis/hardesty.html
http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ins/index.html
http://www.geocities.com/coogan23/tesla/teslachrono.html
source: http://ieee-virtual-museum.org/collection/people.php?id=1234597&lid=1
http://www.pbs.org/tesla/
http://www.geocities.com/coogan23/tesla/teslachrono.html
| Born: | 10 July 1856 |
| Died: | 07 January 1943 |
Nikola Tesla invented the induction motor with rotating magnetic field that made unit drives for machines feasible and made AC power transmission an economic necessity.
Nikola Tesla was born in 1856 in what is now Croatia to Serbian parents Milutin and Djuka Tesla.
In 1884, he went to New York and immediately took a job with Edison, who recognized Tesla’s abilities but did not want to support his work on arc lighting. In 1886 Tesla founded the Tesla Electric Company, which funded his arc light experiments. More importantly, Tesla returned to his AC experiments and within two years had applied for more than thirty patents on his system.
There were rumors in 1914 that the Nobel Prize in physics was about to be awarded jointly to Tesla and Edison, but the award went to someone else. It is possible that the two inventors’ well-known dislike of each other affected the decision. Despite this disappointment, Tesla remained active and continued to work on new ideas.
The unit of magnetic flux density is named for Tesla. When Tesla died in 1943, he was celebrated for his numerous contributions to modern technology.
He worked on a number of other inventions, including a transformer that changed low voltage to high voltage with a safe electrical current. This transformer was known as the Tesla coil. Westinghouse supplied all the lighting for the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893 using the Tesla system, including the engine, dynamo, and AC generator. Thereafter, AC became the preferred method of generating electricity.
At an address to the National Electric Light Association, he proposed the principles of wireless broadcasting.
In 1898, at an electrical exhibition in the recently completed Madison Square Garden, he made a demonstration of the world's first radio-controlled vessel. Everyone expected surprises from Tesla, but few were prepared for the sight of a small, odd-looking, iron-hulled boat scooting across an indoor pond (specially built for the display). The boat was equipped with, as Tesla described, "a borrowed mind."
Tesla's U.S. patent number 613,809 describes the first device anywhere for wireless remote control. The working model, or "teleautomaton," responded to radio signals and was powered with an internal battery.
Tesla encountered more failure due to lack of funding because he was an idealist.
Tesla's device was literally the birth of robotics, though he is seldom recognized for this accomplishment. The inventor was trained in electrical and mechanical engineering, and these skills merged beautifully in this remote-controlled boat. Unfortunately, the invention was so far ahead of its time that those who observed it could not imagine its practical applications.
AC motors proved both durable and adaptable. Within the space of two years Tesla had patented over twenty useful modifications of his new motors: to start up under heavy loads, to run at variable speed, or at constant speed, or with polyphase power supply, to mention a few. The great advantage of polyphase motors is, for a given number of poles, a smoother, more intense whirling field; such motors, in myriad forms, launched the electrical age of heavy industry. A somewhat more modest lineage of AC motors has powered most of the familiar appliances of twentieth-century life, from refrigerators to coffee grinders.
The Tesla Coil
The Tesla coil is an instrument that can step up voltages to high voltages at high frequencies. Tesla worked with alternating current — energy moving back and forth. He worked with low frequencies at Niagara Falls — 60 cycles per second. But he needed to have high voltage at high frequencies to do his experiments with wireless transmission — 60,000 cycles per second and higher.
He realized that James Clerk Maxwell predicted that waves could propagate with antennas. In order to do this, he needed to build equipment to make high-frequency currents.
So if you want to talk about the genius of the Tesla coil, I think it is couched in Tesla's dreams and visions of the work he was going to do.
Tesla was a man who understood what no other scientist of the time understood — he understood electrical resonance. He understood the idea that energy passed back and forth in an electrical system.
The Tesla coil as we know it in the 1890s is a very good example of a resonant system, using low kilohertz and a double tuned circuit so energy can be transferred between two systems — that essentially transmits a radio signal.
Radio
If you want to get a radio signal to radiate into the atmosphere, you want it to travel through the air strong enough to detect as a voltage. So in that way alone, Tesla created a system of tuned circuits that he would cause waves from an antenna system to radiate out into the atmosphere. Therefore, Tesla's system was the one that made radio possible.
Marconi
Marconi used Hertz's system initially, but sending the signal "S" across the Atlantic would not have been possible with that system. So it became obvious to Marconi and other experimenters of the time that Tesla's system was an efficient, powerful resonator that produced waves you could work with. The simple fact about Marconi's "S" is that he used the Tesla system to transmit signals and claimed that these were ideas he had developed himself.
At the Marconi site on Cape Cod, the placards state clearly that Marconi used the Tesla oscillator to send signals.
Marconi was a good businessman. He built the first practical equipment. And for that reason, his name is the one people remember when they think of radio.
---
Tesla was a genius because way before anybody knew or even understood the earth and what we call today the ionosphere, which is a layer of ionized particles about 80 kilometers above the earth, he conceived it, and he tried to use it to produce a variety of new concepts.
Tesla is extremely underrated. I mean, there are a lot of people that don't know Tesla today. And that includes physicists, I would say. Although the Tesla unit is extensively used, and the Tesla coil which is one of his most ingenious inventions, it's also extensively used.
Wireless Transmission
We have wireless transmission of energy all the time. The people that are listening to your TV station are listening to wireless transmission of power. The issue is, how much power can you transmit through empty space. And how can you channel it, because... if you think of a lake and you drop a pebble, what you are going to see is that this disturbance you make dies as you go around because it moves in two dimensions. If you make it into a channel, then it lasts longer and longer. So the wireless transmission of energy is to try and find the channel, so that the energy doesn't spread all over the place, but it goes in a particular direction. Tesla understood, before knowing — before satellites and the other discoveries — realized that there was a conductor above the earth because the sun creates a set of ionized particles so we have the ground which is a conductor, and above that we have another conductor at about 80 kilometers and if you send radio waves of low frequency they get combined in that channel and they can propogate, and this is called the earth ionospheric wave guide. Without any knowledge he visualized that. And he said, since I have this wave guide, I can repeat what I am doing in the laboratory. His major defect was that he was dreaming but he was doing very few calculations on paper. Because on paper he could have realized that because the dimensions of the wave guide, are so enormous, you can transmit power, but not very much power. You can transfer power to hear the radio, or for television, or for a telephone. But once you want to start turning on lights in which you really need high currents, the power gets diluted because the space is very large. It's a standard defect of dreamers, geniuses, not like Einstein, the other type of geniuses, the inventors, who visualize things, but have difficulty putting numbers [on paper]. And actually, I think that was his downfall.
Propogating Current
There are two ways of propogating. One is by bouncing between the earth and the ionosphere, which means that you create a current on the earth, and a current in the ionosphere, and that's what carries it. So you get two charges positive and negative and they move along. The second one is, you forget the ionosphere, and the current is carried only by the earth... Both modes of propagation have been very fine, we know that. The problem with both modes in terms of really sending a lot of energy, is they attenuate a lot. When you have current, if the earth and the ionosphere were superconductors, wonderful, we'd be able to do it. But they are poor conductors. So what happens is a lot of energy goes into heating the ground or heating the ionosphere. So when I'm going to send energy from Long Island to Paris, I'm going to loose a lot.
(Tesla's) idea of propagation is perfectly valid... Tesla's intuition was absolutely unbelievable. Because we had problems really persuading people about this concept in the 70s... And Tesla, without knowledge of satellites or solar UV radiation, all those things, he could really visualize the correct mode of propagation. Stunning.
HAARP
HAARP is the latest ionospheric modification facility, ionospheric heater. It's nothing more than a radio station, which sends power at 10 megahertz — television, for example PBS, is at 100 megahertz. HAARP sends power at between 3 and 10 megahertz, and sends it up in the ionosphere. What happens is it operates like a microwave oven. As soon as it finds ionized particles, charged particles which start existing at 70 kilometers, this electric field shakes them up and down. When they shake up and down they collide with a lot of neutral particles and it makes them hotter. So, the region where you are focusing your energy... becomes hotter than the rest of the region. That changes the property of the medium. There are three things I can think about Tesla when I'm talking about this particular project. The first ... we should think of Tesla every time we look at a microwave oven; again the radiation frequency of the microwave oven and the concept of the microwave oven was Tesla's.
The second thing is, it is a frequency transformer. Tesla, with the Tesla coil, changes one frequency to another frequency. What we are doing up there, we're taking at 5 megahertz a frequency which radiates in the ground and we transform it into 1 hertz, 5 hertz, 10 hertz, or whatever it is. So we have really a frequency transformer similar to what Tesla was thinking. Third, and most important, once we create the waves they propagate exactly the way Tesla conceived it through the earth ionosphere waveguide.
Changing the Weather
Tesla proposed that it might be possible to modify the weather, by using radio waves. I believe that this is impossible. I mean if I take really the most powerful facility, in the world, which is actually the Voice of America, and I look at the power that it sends, it's about one billionth of the power in a tornado. So it is the equivalent of trying to have a fly stop a tank. It's impossible, energetically, with radio waves. There is another reason: radio waves do not couple to the neutral atmosphere, they go straight through. So it's impossible in terms of energy, it's impossible in terms of physics. It's pure nonsense that any radio facility even a million times stronger than HAARP would be able to change the weather.
http://www.pbs.org/tesla/dis/papad.html
http://www.pbs.org/tesla/dis/hardesty.html
http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ins/index.html
http://www.geocities.com/coogan23/tesla/teslachrono.html
source: http://ieee-virtual-museum.org/collection/people.php?id=1234597&lid=1
http://www.pbs.org/tesla/
http://www.geocities.com/coogan23/tesla/teslachrono.html
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